The Matthias Delusion

We now come to an eventful period in the life of Isabella, as identified with one of the most extraordinary religious delusions of modern times; but the limits prescribed for the present work forbid a minute narration of all the occurrences that transpired in relation to it.

We now come to an eventful period in Isabella’s life, when she became involved in one of the most extraordinary religious delusions of modern times. But the limits of this book prevent a detailed account of everything that happened in connection with it.

After she had joined the African Church in Church street, and during her membership there, she frequently attended Mr. Latourette's meetings, at one of which, Mr. Smith invited her to go to a prayer-meeting, or to instruct the girls at the Magdalene Asylum, Bowery Hill, then under the protection of Mr. Pierson, and some other persons, chiefly respectable females. To reach the Asylum, Isabella called on Katy, Mr. Pierson's colored servant, of whom she had some knowledge. Mr. Pierson saw her there, conversed with her, asked her if she had been baptized, and was answered, characteristically, 'by the Holy Ghost.' After this, Isabella saw Katy several times, and occasionally Mr. Pierson, who engaged her to keep his house while Katy went to Virginia to see her children. This engagement was considered an answer to a prayer by Mr. Pierson, who had both fasted and prayed on the subject, while Katy and Isabella appeared to see in it the hand of God.

After joining the African Church on Church street, Isabella often attended Mr. Latourette's meetings while she was a member. At one meeting, Mr. Smith invited her to attend a prayer meeting or teach the girls at the Magdalene Asylum on Bowery Hill. The Asylum was then under the protection of Mr. Pierson and several other people, chiefly respectable women. To reach the Asylum, Isabella visited Katy, Mr. Pierson's colored servant, whom she knew somewhat. Mr. Pierson saw Isabella there and spoke with her. He asked whether she had been baptized, and she answered, characteristically, 'by the Holy Ghost.' After that, Isabella saw Katy several times and occasionally saw Mr. Pierson. He hired Isabella to keep his house while Katy went to Virginia to see her children. Mr. Pierson had fasted and prayed about the matter, and he regarded the arrangement as an answer to his prayer. Katy and Isabella also seemed to see the hand of God in it.

Mr. Pierson was characterized by a strong devotional spirit, which finally became highly fanatical. He assumed the title of Prophet, asserting that God had called him in an omnibus, in these words:-'Thou are Elijah, the Tishbite. Gather unto me all the members of Israel at the foot of Mount Carmel'; which he understood as meaning the gathering of his friends at Bowery Hill. Not long afterward, he became acquainted with the notorious Matthias, whose career was as extraordinary as it was brief. Robert Matthews, or Matthias (as he was usually called), was of Scotch extraction, but a native of Washington County, New York, and at that time about forty-seven years of age. He was religiously brought up, among the Anti-Burghers, a sect of Presbyterians; the clergyman, the Rev. Mr. Bevridge, visiting the family after the manner of the church, and being pleased with Robert, put his hand on his head, when a boy, and pronounced a blessing, and this blessing, with his natural qualities, determined his character; for he ever after thought he should be a distinguished man. Matthias was brought up a farmer till nearly eighteen years of age, but acquired indirectly the art of a carpenter, without any regular apprenticeship, and showed considerable mechanical skill. He obtained property from his uncle, Robert Thompson, and then he went into business as a store-keeper, was considered respectable, and became a member of the Scotch Presbyterian Church. He married in 1813, and continued in business in Cambridge. In 1816, he ruined himself by a building speculation, and the derangement of the currency which denied bank facilities, and soon after he came to New York with his family, and worked at his trade. He afterwards removed to Albany, and became a hearer at the Dutch Reformed Church, then under Dr. Ludlow's charge. He was frequently much excited on religious subjects.

Mr. Pierson was deeply religious, and his devotion eventually became highly fanatical. He took the title of Prophet, claiming that God had called him while he was riding in an omnibus. He said God spoke these words: 'You are Elijah, the Tishbite. Gather all the members of Israel to me at the foot of Mount Carmel.' He understood this to mean that he should gather his friends at Bowery Hill. Not long afterward, he met the notorious Matthias, whose career was as extraordinary as it was brief. Robert Matthews, or Matthias, as he was usually called, was of Scottish descent. He was born in Washington County, New York, and was then about forty-seven years old. He was raised among the Anti-Burghers, a Presbyterian sect. The Rev. Mr. Bevridge visited the family, as was customary in the church. He was pleased with Robert and, when Robert was a boy, placed a hand on his head and blessed him. This blessing, together with Robert's natural qualities, determined his character. From then on, he always believed he would become a distinguished man. Matthias was raised as a farmer until he was nearly eighteen. But he learned carpentry indirectly, without a formal apprenticeship, and showed considerable mechanical skill. He received property from his uncle, Robert Thompson, and then went into business as a storekeeper. He was considered respectable and joined the Scotch Presbyterian Church. He married in 1813 and continued his business in Cambridge. In 1816, he was financially ruined by a building speculation and by currency problems that made bank credit unavailable. Soon afterward, he came to New York with his family and worked at his trade. He later moved to Albany and attended the Dutch Reformed Church, then led by Dr. Ludlow. Religious subjects often greatly excited him.

In 1829, he was well known, if not for street preaching, for loud discussions and pavement exhortations, but he did not make set sermons. In the beginning of 1830, he was only considered zealous; but in the same year he prophesied the destruction of the Albanians and their capital, and while preparing to shave, with the Bible before him, he suddenly put down the soap and exclaimed, 'I have found it! I have found a text which proves that no man who shaves his beard can be a true Christian;' and shortly afterwards, without shaving, he went to the Mission House to deliver an address which he had promised, and in this address, he proclaimed his new character, pronounced vengeance on the land, and that the law of God was the only rule of government, and that he was commanded to take possession of the world in the name of the King of kings. His harangue was cut short by the trustees putting out the lights. About this time, Matthias laid by his implements of industry, and in June, he advised his wife to fly with him from the destruction which awaited them in the city; and on her refusal, partly on account of Matthias calling himself a Jew, whom she was unwilling to retain as a husband, he left her, taking some of the children to his sister in Argyle, forty miles from Albany. At Argyle he entered the church and interrupted the minister, declaring the congregation in darkness, and warning them to repentance. He was, of course, taken out of the church, and as he was advertised in the Albany papers, he was sent back to his family. His beard had now obtained a respectable length, and thus he attracted attention, and easily obtained an audience in the streets. For this he was sometimes arrested, once by mistake for Adam Paine, who collected the crowd, and then left Matthias with it on the approach of the officers. He repeatedly urged his wife to accompany him on a mission to convert the world, declaring that food could be obtained from the roots of the forest, if not administered otherwise. At this time he assumed the name of Matthias, called himself a Jew, and set out on a mission, taking a western course, and visiting a brother at Rochester, a skillful mechanic, since dead. Leaving his brother, he proceeded on his mission over the Northern States, occasionally returning to Albany.

In 1829, he was well known, if not for preaching in the streets, then for loud discussions and urging people to repent on the sidewalks. But he did not give prepared sermons. At the beginning of 1830, he was regarded as merely zealous. Later that year, however, he prophesied the destruction of the Albanians and their capital. While preparing to shave with the Bible before him, he suddenly put down the soap and exclaimed, 'I have found it! I have found a passage that proves no man who shaves his beard can be a true Christian.' Shortly afterward, without shaving, he went to the Mission House to give a promised address. There he announced his new identity and declared that vengeance would fall on the land. He said that God's law was the only rule of government. He also said he had been commanded to take possession of the world in the name of the King of kings. The trustees cut his speech short by putting out the lights. Around this time, Matthias put away his tools and stopped working. In June, he urged his wife to flee with him from the destruction awaiting them in the city. She refused, partly because Matthias called himself a Jew, and she was unwilling to keep a Jew as her husband. He left her, taking some of the children to his sister in Argyle, forty miles from Albany. In Argyle, he entered the church and interrupted the minister. He declared that the congregation was in darkness and warned them to repent. Of course, he was removed from the church. Because notices about him had appeared in the Albany papers, he was sent back to his family. By now his beard had grown to a respectable length. It attracted attention and helped him gather an audience in the streets. He was sometimes arrested for this. Once, he was arrested by mistake for Adam Paine, who had gathered the crowd. When the officers approached, Paine left Matthias with the crowd. Matthias repeatedly urged his wife to join him on a mission to convert the world. He declared that they could eat forest roots if food was not provided in some other way. At this time he took the name Matthias, called himself a Jew, and set out on a mission. He traveled west and visited a brother in Rochester. His brother was a skilled mechanic who has since died. After leaving his brother, Matthias continued his mission through the Northern States, returning to Albany from time to time.

After visiting Washington, and passing through Pennsylvania, he came to New York. His appearance at that time was mean, but grotesque, and his sentiments were but little known.

After visiting Washington and passing through Pennsylvania, he came to New York. At the time, he looked shabby but grotesque, and little was known about his views.

On May the 5th, 1832, he first called on Mr. Pierson, in Fourth street, in his absence. Isabella was alone in the house, in which she had lived since the previous autumn. On opening the door, she, for the first time, beheld Matthias, and her early impression of seeing Jesus in the flesh rushed to her mind. She heard his inquiry, and invited him into the parlor; and being naturally curious, and much excited, and possessing a good deal of tact, she drew him into conversation, stated her own opinions, and heard his replies and explanations. Her faith was at first staggered by his declaring himself a Jew; but on this point she was relieved by his saying, 'Do you not remember how Jesus prayed?' and repeated part of the Lord's Prayer, in proof that the Father's kingdom was to come, and not the Son's. She then understood him to be a converted Jew, and in the conclusion she says she 'felt as if God had sent him to set up the kingdom.' Thus Matthias at once secured the good will of Isabella, and we may supposed obtained from her some information in relation to Mr. Pierson, especially that Mrs. Pierson declared there was no true church, and approved of Mr. Pierson's preaching. Matthias left the house, promising to return on Saturday evening. Mr. P. at this time had not seen Matthias.

On May 5, 1832, Matthias first called on Mr. Pierson at his house on Fourth Street, but Mr. Pierson was out. Isabella was alone in the house, where she had lived since the previous autumn. When she opened the door, she saw Matthias for the first time. Her earlier impression that she would see Jesus in the flesh rushed back to her. She heard his question and invited him into the parlor. Naturally curious, very excited, and quite tactful, she drew him into conversation. She shared her own opinions and listened to his replies and explanations. At first, her faith was shaken when he declared that he was a Jew. But she was reassured when he asked, 'Do you not remember how Jesus prayed?' He repeated part of the Lord's Prayer as proof that the Father's kingdom was to come, not the Son's. She then understood him to be a converted Jew. In the end, she says she 'felt as if God had sent him to set up the kingdom.' In this way, Matthias immediately gained Isabella's good will. We may suppose that he also obtained some information from her about Mr. Pierson. In particular, Mrs. Pierson had declared that there was no true church and had approved of Mr. Pierson's preaching. Matthias left the house, promising to return on Saturday evening. Mr. Pierson had not yet seen Matthias.

Isabella, desirous of hearing the expected conversation between Matthias and Mr. Pierson on Saturday, hurried her work, got it finished, and was permitted to be present. Indeed, the sameness of belief made her familiar with her employer, while her attention to her work, and characteristic faithfulness, increased his confidence. This intimacy, the result of holding the same faith, and the principle afterwards adopted of having but one table, and all things in common, made her at once the domestic and the equal, and the depositary of very curious, if not valuable information. To this object, even her color assisted. Persons who have traveled in the South know the manner in which the colored people, and especially slaves, are treated; they are scarcely regarded as being present. This trait in our American character has been frequently noticed by foreign travelers. One English lady remarks that she discovered, in course of conversation with a Southern married gentleman, that a colored girl slept in his bedroom, in which also was his wife; and when he saw that it occasioned some surprise, he remarked, 'What would he do if he wanted a glass of water in the night?' Other travelers have remarked that the presence of colored people never seemed to interrupt a conversation of any kind for one moment. Isabella, then, was present at the first interview between Matthias and Pierson. At this interview, Mr. Pierson asked Matthias if he had a family, to which he replied in the affirmative; he asked him about his beard, and he gave a scriptural reason, asserting also that the Jews did not shave, and that Adam had a beard. Mr. Pierson detailed to Matthias his experience, and Matthias gave his, and they mutually discovered that they held the same sentiments, both admitting the direct influence of the Spirit, and the transmission of spirits from one body to another. Matthias admitted the call of Mr. Pierson, in the omnibus in Wall street, which, on this occasion, he gave in these words:-'Thou art Elijah the Tishbite, and thou shalt go before me in the spirit and power of Elias, to prepare my way before me.' And Mr. Pierson admitted Matthias' call, who completed his declaration on the 20th of June, in Argyle, which, by a curious coincidence, was the very day on which Pierson had received his call in the omnibus. Such singular coincidences have a powerful effect on excited minds. From that discovery, Pierson and Matthias rejoiced in each other, and became kindred spirits-Matthias, however, claiming to be the Father, or to possess the spirit of the Father-he was God upon the earth, because the spirit of God dwelt in him; while Pierson then understood that his mission was like that of John the Baptist, which the name Elias meant. This conference ended with an invitation to supper, and Matthias and Pierson washing each other's feet. Mr. Pierson preached on the following Sunday, but after which, he declined in favor of Matthias, and some of the party believed that the 'kingdom had then come.'

Isabella wanted to hear the expected conversation between Matthias and Mr. Pierson on Saturday. She hurried to finish her work and was allowed to be present. Their shared beliefs had made her close to her employer. Her attention to her work and her characteristic faithfulness also increased his confidence in her. This closeness grew from their shared faith. Later, they also adopted the principle of eating at one table and sharing everything in common. As a result, Isabella was both a domestic servant and an equal, and she learned some very curious, if not valuable, information. Even her color helped her learn it. People who have traveled in the South know how colored people, and especially slaves, are treated. They are scarcely regarded as being present. Foreign travelers have often noticed this trait in our American character. One English lady describes a conversation with a married Southern gentleman. She learned that a colored girl slept in the bedroom he shared with his wife. When he saw that she was surprised, he remarked, 'What would he do if he wanted a glass of water in the night?' Other travelers have remarked that the presence of colored people never seemed to interrupt any kind of conversation, even for a moment. Isabella was present, then, at the first meeting between Matthias and Pierson. Mr. Pierson asked Matthias if he had a family, and Matthias said he did. Pierson asked about his beard, and Matthias gave a scriptural reason for wearing it. He also asserted that the Jews did not shave and that Adam had a beard. Mr. Pierson described his spiritual experience to Matthias, and Matthias described his own. They discovered that they shared the same beliefs. Both accepted the direct influence of the Spirit and the passage of spirits from one body to another. Matthias acknowledged Mr. Pierson's call in the omnibus on Wall street. On this occasion, Matthias described it in these words: 'Thou art Elijah the Tishbite, and thou shalt go before me in the spirit and power of Elias, to prepare my way before me.' Mr. Pierson acknowledged Matthias' call. Matthias completed his declaration on June 20 in Argyle. By a curious coincidence, this was the very day on which Pierson had received his call in the omnibus. Such strange coincidences have a powerful effect on excited minds. After this discovery, Pierson and Matthias rejoiced in each other and became kindred spirits. Matthias, however, claimed to be the Father, or to possess the spirit of the Father. He was God on earth because the spirit of God dwelt in him. Pierson, meanwhile, understood that his mission was like that of John the Baptist, which the name Elias meant. The meeting ended with an invitation to supper and with Matthias and Pierson washing each other's feet. Mr. Pierson preached the following Sunday, but after that he stepped aside in favor of Matthias. Some of the group believed that the 'kingdom had then come.'

As a specimen of Matthias' preaching and sentiments, the following is said to be reliable:

The following is said to be a reliable example of Matthias' preaching and beliefs:

'The spirit that built the Tower of Babel is now in the world-it is the spirit of the devil. The spirit of man never goes upon the clouds; all who think so are Babylonians. The only heaven is on earth. All who are ignorant of truth are Ninevites. The Jews did not crucify Christ- it was the Gentiles. Every Jew has his guardian angel attending him in this world. God don't speak through preachers; he speaks through me, his prophet.

'The spirit that built the Tower of Babel is in the world now. It is the spirit of the devil. The spirit of man never rises into the clouds. All who think it does are Babylonians. The only heaven is on earth. All who do not know the truth are Ninevites. The Jews did not crucify Christ. The Gentiles did. Every Jew has a guardian angel watching over him in this world. God does not speak through preachers. He speaks through me, his prophet.

' " John the Baptist," (addressing Mr. Pierson), "read the tenth chapter of Revelations." After the reading of the chapter, the prophet resumed speaking, as follows:-

' "John the Baptist," he said to Mr. Pierson, "read the tenth chapter of Revelations." After the chapter was read, the prophet continued speaking:

'Ours is the mustard-seed kingdom which is to spread all over the earth. Our creed is truth, and no man can find truth unless he obeys John the Baptist, and comes clean into the church.

'Ours is the mustard-seed kingdom that will spread all over the earth. Our creed is truth. No one can find truth unless he obeys John the Baptist and comes clean into the church.

'All real men will be saved; all mock men will be damned. When a person has the Holy Ghost, then he is a man, and not till then. They who teach women are of the wicked. The communion is all nonsense; so is prayer. Eating a nip of bread and drinking a little wine won't do any good. All who admit members into their church, and suffer them to hold their lands and houses, their sentence is, "Depart, ye wicked, I know you not." All females who lecture their husbands, their sentence is the same. The sons of truth are to enjoy all the good things of this world, and must use their means to bring it about. Every thing that has the smell of woman will be destroyed. Woman is the capsheaf of the abomination of desolation-full of all deviltry. In a short time, the world will take fire and dissolve; it is combustible already. All women, not obedient, had better become so as soon as possible, and let the wicked spirit depart, and become temples of truth. Praying is all mocking. When you see any one wring the neck of a fowl, instead of cutting off its head, he has not got the Holy Ghost. (Cutting gives the least pain.)

'All real men will be saved. All false men will be damned. A person is a man only when he has the Holy Ghost, and not before. Those who teach women are wicked. Communion is nonsense, and so is prayer. Eating a bite of bread and drinking a little wine will do no good. Those who admit members to their church and allow them to keep their lands and houses will be told, "Depart, you wicked, I do not know you." All women who lecture their husbands will receive the same sentence. The sons of truth are to enjoy all the good things of this world. They must use their means to bring that about. Everything that has the smell of woman will be destroyed. Woman is the crowning abomination of desolation, full of all deviltry. Soon, the world will catch fire and dissolve. It is ready to burn already. All women who are not obedient had better become obedient as soon as possible. They should let the wicked spirit leave them and become temples of truth. Praying is all mockery. When you see someone wring a fowl's neck instead of cutting off its head, he does not have the Holy Ghost. (Cutting causes the least pain.)

'All who eat swine's flesh are of the devil; and just as certain as he eats it, he will tell a lie in less than half an hour. If you eat a piece of pork, it will go crooked through you, and the Holy Ghost will not stay in you, but one or the other must leave the house pretty soon. The pork will be as crooked in you as ram's horns, and as great a nuisance as the hogs in the street.

'Everyone who eats pork is of the devil. And anyone who eats it will surely tell a lie within half an hour. If you eat a piece of pork, it will go crooked through you. The Holy Ghost will not stay in you. One or the other will have to leave the house soon. The pork will be as crooked inside you as a ram's horns, and as much a nuisance as hogs in the street.

'The cholera is not the right word; it is choler, which means God's wrath. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are now in this world; they did not go up in the clouds, as some believe-why should they go there? They don't want to go there to box the compass from one place to another. The Christians now-a-days are for setting up the Son's kingdom. It is not his; it is the Father's kingdom. It puts me in mind of a man in the country, who took his son in business, and had his sign made, "Hitchcock & Son;" but the son wanted it "Hitchcock & Father"-and that is the way with your Christians. They talk of the Son's kingdom first, and not the Father's kingdom.'

‘Cholera is not the right word. It is choler, which means God’s wrath. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are in this world now. They did not go up into the clouds, as some believe. Why should they go there? They don’t want to go there and travel from one place to another in every direction. Christians nowadays want to establish the Son’s kingdom. But it is not his kingdom. It is the Father’s kingdom. This reminds me of a man in the country who took his son into his business. He had a sign made that said, “Hitchcock & Son.” But the son wanted it to say, “Hitchcock & Father.” That is how your Christians are. They talk about the Son’s kingdom first, not the Father’s kingdom.’

Matthias and his disciples at this time did not believe in a resurrection of the body, but that the spirits of the former saints would enter the bodies of the present generation, and thus begin heaven on earth, of which he and Mr. Pierson were the first fruits.

At this time, Matthias and his disciples did not believe in the resurrection of the body. Instead, they believed that the spirits of former saints would enter the bodies of people living then. In this way, heaven would begin on earth, with Matthias and Mr. Pierson as its first fruits.

Matthias made the residence of Mr. Pierson his own; but the latter, being apprehensive of popular violence in his house, if Matthias remained there, proposed a monthly allowance to him, and advised him to occupy another dwelling. Matthias accordingly took a house in Clarkson street, and then sent for his family at Albany, but they declined coming to the city. However, his brother George complied with a similar offer, bringing his family with him, where they found very comfortable quarters. Isabella was employed to do the housework. In May, 1833, Matthias left his house, and placed the furniture, part of which was Isabella's, elsewhere, living himself at the hotel corner of Marketfield and West streets. Isabella found employment at Mr. Whiting's, Canal street, and did the washing for Matthias by Mrs. Whiting's permission.

Matthias made Mr. Pierson's home his own. But Mr. Pierson feared that people might become violent in his house if Matthias stayed. He offered Matthias a monthly allowance and advised him to live elsewhere. Matthias therefore rented a house on Clarkson street and sent for his family in Albany. But they declined to come to the city. His brother George, however, accepted a similar offer and brought his family with him. They found very comfortable living quarters there. Isabella was employed to do the housework. In May, 1833, Matthias left the house and stored the furniture elsewhere. Some of the furniture belonged to Isabella. Matthias himself moved to the hotel at the corner of Marketfield and West streets. Isabella found work at Mr. Whiting's on Canal street. With Mrs. Whiting's permission, she also did Matthias's washing.

Of the subsequent removal of Matthias to the farm and residence of Mr. B. Folger, at Sing Sing, where he was joined by Mr. Pierson, and others laboring under a similar religious delusion-the sudden, melancholy and somewhat suspicious death of Mr. Pierson, and the arrest of Matthias on the charge of his murder, ending in a verdict of not guilty-the criminal connection that subsisted between Matthias, Mrs. Folger, and other members of the 'Kingdom,' as 'match-spirits'-the final dispersion of this deluded company, and the voluntary exilement of Matthias in the far West, after his release-&c. &c., we do not deem it useful or necessary to give any particulars. Those who are curious to know what there transpired are referred to a work published in New York in 1835, entitled 'Fanaticism; its Sources and Influence; illustrated by the simple Narrative of Isabella, in the case of Matthias, Mr. and Mrs. B. Folger, Mr. Pierson, Mr. Mills, Catharine, Isabella, &c. &c. By G. Vale, 84 Roosevelt street.' Suffice it to say, that while Isabella was a member of the household at Sing Sing, doing much laborious service in the spirit of religious disinterestedness, and gradually getting her vision purged and her mind cured of its illusions, she happily escaped the contamination that surrounded her,-assiduously endeavoring to discharge all her duties in a becoming manner.

We do not think it useful or necessary to give details of what happened afterward. Matthias moved to Mr. B. Folger's farm and home at Sing Sing. Mr. Pierson and others suffering from a similar religious delusion joined him there. Mr. Pierson died suddenly, sadly, and under somewhat suspicious circumstances. Matthias was arrested and charged with his murder, but was found not guilty. Matthias, Mrs. Folger, and other members of the 'Kingdom' had immoral sexual relationships as 'match-spirits.' The deluded company finally scattered, and Matthias chose to leave for the far West after his release, etc., etc. Those curious to know what happened there can consult a work published in New York in 1835. Its title is 'Fanaticism; its Sources and Influence; illustrated by the simple Narrative of Isabella, in the case of Matthias, Mr. and Mrs. B. Folger, Mr. Pierson, Mr. Mills, Catharine, Isabella, &c. &c. By G. Vale, 84 Roosevelt street.' It is enough to say that Isabella did much hard work while living in the household at Sing Sing. She worked in a spirit of religious selflessness, and her vision gradually cleared as her mind recovered from its illusions. She happily escaped the corruption around her and worked diligently to carry out all her duties properly.