American Ultronic Science

Our own engineers, working in shielded laboratories far underground, had established such control over the "de-atomized" electrons as to dissect them in their turn into sub-electrons. Moreover, they had carried through the study of this "order" to the point where they finally "dissected" the sub-electron into its component ultrons, for the fundamental laws underlying these successive orders are not radically dissimilar. And as they progressed, they developed constructive as well as destructive practice. Hence the great triumphs of ultron and inertron, our two wonderful synthetic elements, built up from super-balanced and sub-balanced ultronic whorls, through the sub-electronic order into the atomic and molecular.

Our own engineers worked in shielded laboratories far underground. They gained enough control over "de-atomized" electrons to split them into sub-electrons. They studied this "order" until they finally "dissected" the sub-electron into its component ultrons. They could do this because the fundamental laws governing these successive orders are not radically different. As they progressed, they learned to build as well as destroy. This led to the great triumphs of ultron and inertron, our two wonderful synthetic elements. They were built from super-balanced and sub-balanced ultronic whorls, through the sub-electronic order into the atomic and molecular.

Hence also, come our relatively simple and beautifully efficient ultrophones and ultroscopes, which in their phonic and visual operation penetrate obstacles of material, electronic and sub-electronic nature without let or hindrance, and with the consumption of but infinitesimal power.

From this also come our relatively simple and beautifully efficient ultrophones and ultroscopes. In transmitting sound and images, they pass unhindered through material, electronic, and sub-electronic obstacles. They use only an infinitesimal amount of power.

Static disturbance, I should explain, is negligible in the sub-electronic order, and non-existent in the ultronic.

I should explain that static disturbance is negligible in the sub-electronic order and nonexistent in the ultronic order.

The pioneer expeditions of our engineers into the ultronic order, I am told, necessitated the use of most elaborate, complicated and delicate apparatus, as well as the expenditure of most costly power, but once established there, all necessary power is developed very simply from tiny batteries composed of thin plates of metultron and katultron. These two substances, developed synthetically in much the same manner as ordinary ultron, exhibit dual phenomena which for sake of illustration I may compare with certain of the phenomena of radioactivity. As radium is constantly giving off electronic emanations and changing its atomic structure thereby, so katultron is constantly giving off ultronic emanations, and so changing its sub-electronic form, while metultron, its complement, is constantly attracting and absorbing ultronic values, and so changing its sub-electronic nature in the opposite direction. Thin plates of these two substances, when placed properly in juxtaposition, with insulating plates of inertron between, constitute a battery which generates an ultronic current.

I am told that our engineers’ first expeditions into the ultronic order required extremely elaborate, complicated, and delicate equipment. They also required a great deal of costly power. But once the engineers were established there, all necessary power could be produced very simply. Tiny batteries made of thin plates of metultron and katultron provide it. These two substances are made synthetically in much the same way as ordinary ultron. They display complementary effects that I may compare, by way of illustration, to certain effects of radioactivity. Radium constantly gives off electronic emissions, changing its atomic structure as it does. Similarly, katultron constantly gives off ultronic emissions, changing its sub-electronic form. Meanwhile, metultron, its complement, constantly attracts and absorbs ultronic values, changing its sub-electronic nature in the opposite direction. Thin plates of these two substances form a battery that generates an ultronic current. They must be placed properly next to each other, with insulating plates of inertron between them.

And it is a curious parallel that just as there were many mysteries connected with the nature of electricity in the Twentieth Century (mysteries which, I might mention, never have been solved, notwithstanding our penetration into the "sub-" orders) so there are certain mysteries about the ultronic current. It will flow, for instance, through an ultron wire, from the katultron to the metultron plate, as electricity will flow through a copper wire. It will short circuit between the two plates if the inertron insulation is imperfect. When the insulation is perfect, however, and no ultron metallic circuit is complete, the "current" (apparently the same that would flow through the metallic circuit) is projected into space in an absolutely straight line from the katultron plate, and received from space by the metultron plate on the same line. This line is the theoretical straight line passing through the mass-center of each plate. The shapes and angles of the plates have nothing to do with it, except that the perpendicular distance of the plate edges from the mass-center line determines thickness of the beam of parallel current-rays.

There is a curious parallel here. In the Twentieth Century, there were many mysteries about the nature of electricity. I should mention that those mysteries have never been solved, despite our exploration of the "sub-" orders. Likewise, there are certain mysteries about the ultronic current. For example, it flows through an ultron wire from the katultron plate to the metultron plate, just as electricity flows through a copper wire. It will short-circuit between the two plates if the inertron insulation is imperfect. But suppose the insulation is perfect and no ultron metal circuit is complete. Then the "current" is projected into space from the katultron plate in an absolutely straight line. The metultron plate receives it from space along the same line. This is apparently the same current that would flow through the metal circuit. The line is the theoretical straight line passing through the center of mass of each plate. The shapes and angles of the plates have nothing to do with it, with one exception. The perpendicular distance from the edges of the plates to the line through their centers of mass determines the thickness of the beam of parallel current rays.

Thus a simple battery may be used either as a sender or receiver of current. Two batteries adjusted to the same center line become connected in series just as if they were connected by ultron wires.

So a simple battery can send or receive current. Two batteries aligned on the same center line connect in series, just as if they were connected by ultron wires.

In actual practice, however, two types of batteries are used; both the foco batteries and broadcast batteries.

In practice, however, two types of batteries are used: foco batteries and broadcast batteries.

Foco batteries are twin batteries, arranged to shoot a positive and a negative beam in the same direction. When these beams are made intermittent at light frequencies (though they are not light waves, nor of the same order as light waves) and are brought together, or focussed, at a given spot, the space in which they cross radiates alternating ultronic current in every direction. This radiated ultralight acts like true light so long as the crossing beams vibrate at light frequencies, except in three respects: first, it is not visible to the eye; second, its "color" is exclusively dependent on the frequency of the foco beams, which determine the frequency of the alternating radiation. Material surfaces, it would appear, reflect them all in equal value, and the color of the resultant picture depends on the color of the foco frequencies. By altering these, a reddish, yellowish or bluish picture may be seen. In actual practice an orthochromatic mixture of frequencies is used to give a black, gray and white picture. The third difference is this: rays pulsating in line toward any ultron object connected with the rear plates of the twin batteries through rectifiers cannot be reflected by material objects, for it appears they are subject to a kind of "pull" which draws them straight through material objects, which in a sense are "magnetized" and while in this state offer no resistance.

Foco batteries are twin batteries arranged to fire a positive beam and a negative beam in the same direction. The beams are made intermittent at light frequencies, though they are not light waves or of the same order as light waves. They are then brought together, or focused, at a particular spot. Where they cross, they radiate alternating ultronic current in every direction. This radiated ultralight acts like true light as long as the crossing beams vibrate at light frequencies. But it differs from true light in three ways. First, it is invisible to the eye. Second, its "color" depends entirely on the frequency of the foco beams. These beams determine the frequency of the alternating radiation. Material surfaces seem to reflect all the radiation equally. The color of the resulting picture depends on the color of the foco frequencies. By changing these frequencies, one can produce a reddish, yellowish, or bluish picture. In practice, an orthochromatic mixture of frequencies produces a black, gray, and white picture. The third difference concerns rays pulsating in a straight line toward an ultron object. The object is connected through rectifiers to the rear plates of the twin batteries. Material objects cannot reflect these rays. The rays appear to be subject to a kind of "pull" that draws them straight through material objects. These objects are, in a sense, "magnetized" and offer no resistance while in this state.

Ultron, when so connected with battery terminals, glows with true light under the impact of ultralight, and if in the form of a lens or set of lenses, may be made to deliver a picture in any telescopic degree desired.

When connected to battery terminals, Ultron glows with true light when struck by ultralight. If shaped into a lens or set of lenses, it can produce a picture at any desired degree of magnification.

The essential parts of an ultroscope, then, are twin batteries with focal control and frequency control; an ultron shield, battery connected and adjustable, to intercept the direct rays from the "glow-spot," with an ordinary light-shield between it and the lens; and the lens itself, battery connected and with more or less telescopic elaboration.

The essential parts of an ultroscope are twin batteries with focal and frequency controls, an ultron shield, and a lens. The adjustable ultron shield connects to the batteries and intercepts direct rays from the "glow-spot." An ordinary light shield sits between the ultron shield and the lens. The lens also connects to the batteries and has a more or less elaborate telescopic arrangement.

To look through a substance at an object, one has only to focus the glow-spot beyond the substance but on the near side of the object and slightly above it.

To see an object through a substance, focus the glow-spot beyond the substance, just in front of and slightly above the object.

A complete apparatus may be "set" for "penetrative," "distance" and "normal vision."

A complete device may be "set" for "penetrative," "distance," and "normal vision."

In the first, which one would use to look through the forest screen from the air, or in examining the interior of a Han ship or any opaque structure, the glow-spot is brought low, at only a tiny angle above the vision line, and the shield, of course, must be very carefully adjusted.

The first is used to look through the forest screen from the air. It is also used to examine the inside of a Han ship or any opaque structure. In this case, the glow-spot is lowered to a tiny angle above the line of sight. The shield, of course, must be adjusted very carefully.

"Distance" setting would be used, for instance, in surveying a valley beyond a hill or mountain; the glow-spot is thrown high to illuminate the entire scene.

The "Distance" setting would be used, for example, to survey a valley beyond a hill or mountain. The glow-spot is projected high to light up the entire scene.

In the "normal" setting the foco rays are brought together close overhead, and illuminate the scene just as a lamp of super brilliancy would in the same position.

In the "normal" setting, the foco rays come together just overhead. They light the scene as an extremely bright lamp would in the same position.

For phonic communication a spherical sending battery is a ball of metultron, surrounded by an insulating shell of inertron, and this in turn by a spherical shell of katultron, from which the current radiates in every direction, tuning being accomplished by frequency of intermissions, with audio-frequency modulation. The receiving battery has a core pole of katultron and an outer shell of metultron. The receiving battery, of course, picks up all frequencies, the undesired ones being tuned out in detection.

For voice communication, a spherical sending battery consists of a ball of metultron surrounded by an insulating shell of inertron. A spherical shell of katultron surrounds the inertron, and current radiates from it in every direction. Tuning is accomplished by the frequency of interruptions, with audio-frequency modulation. The receiving battery has a core pole of katultron and an outer shell of metultron. Of course, the receiving battery picks up all frequencies. The unwanted frequencies are tuned out during detection.

Tuning, however, is only a convenience for privacy and elimination of interference in ultrophonic communication. It is not involved as a necessity, for untuned currents may be broadcast at voice-controlled frequencies, directly and without any carrier wave.

Tuning, however, is only a convenience for privacy and preventing interference in ultrophonic communication. It is not necessary. Untuned currents may be broadcast directly at voice-controlled frequencies without a carrier wave.

To use plate batteries or single center-line batteries for phonic communication would require absolutely accurate directional aligning of sender and receiver, a very great practical difficulty, except when sender and receiver are relatively close and mutually visible.

Using plate batteries or single center-line batteries for sound communication would require the sender and receiver to be perfectly aligned. This would be very difficult in practice, unless they were relatively close together and could see each other.

This, however, is the regular system used in the Inter-Gang network for official communication. The senders and receivers used in this system are set only with the greatest difficulty, and by the aid of the finest laboratory apparatus, but once set, they are permanently locked in position at the stations, and barring earthquakes or insecure foundations, need no subsequent adjustment. Accuracy of alignment permits beam paths no thicker than the old lead pencils I used to use in the Twentieth Century.

This, however, is the standard system for official communication across the Inter-Gang network. The transmitters and receivers are extremely difficult to set and require the finest laboratory equipment. But once set, they are permanently locked in place at the stations. Unless there is an earthquake or a foundation is unstable, they need no further adjustment. Their precise alignment allows beam paths no thicker than the lead pencils I used in the Twentieth Century.

The non-interference of such communication lines, and the difficulty of cutting in on them from any point except immediately adjacent to the sender or receiver, is strikingly apparent when it is realized that every square inch of an imaginary plane bisecting the unlocated beam would have to be explored with a receiving battery in order to locate the beam itself.

These communication lines do not interfere with one another. They are also difficult to tap into except close to the sender or receiver. Both facts become strikingly clear when you consider what locating a beam would require. You would have to search every square inch of an imaginary plane cutting across the beam with a receiving battery.

A practical compromise between the spherical or universal broadcast senders and receivers on the one hand, and the single line batteries on the other, is the multi-facet battery. Another, and more practical device particularly for distance work, is the window-spherical. It is merely an ordinary spherical battery with a shielding shell with an opening of any desired size, from which a directionally controlled beam may be emitted in different forms, usually that simply of an expanding cone, with an angle of expansion sufficient to cover the desired territory at the desired point of reception.

The multi-facet battery is a practical compromise between spherical or universal broadcast transmitters and receivers and single line batteries. Another, more practical device, especially for long-distance work, is the window-spherical. It is an ordinary spherical battery with a shielding shell and an opening of any desired size. A directionally controlled beam can be sent through the opening in different forms. Usually, the beam takes the form of an expanding cone. The angle of expansion is wide enough to cover the desired territory at the desired reception point.