The Moon Observers

Barbicane had evidently hit upon the only plausible reason of this deviation. However slight it might have been, it had sufficed to modify the course of the projectile. It was a fatality. The bold attempt had miscarried by a fortuitous circumstance; and unless by some exceptional event, they could now never reach the moon’s disc.

Barbicane had apparently found the only plausible reason for the change in course. However slight the cause, it had been enough to change the projectile's course. It was a fatal stroke of fate. The daring attempt had failed because of a chance event. Unless something extraordinary happened, they could never reach the moon's surface.

Would they pass near enough to be able to solve certain physical and geological questions until then insoluble? This was the question, and the only one, which occupied the minds of these bold travelers. As to the fate in store for themselves, they did not even dream of it.

Would they pass close enough to solve certain physical and geological questions that had until then remained unsolved? This was the only question on the minds of the bold travelers. They did not even think about what fate had in store for them.

But what would become of them amid these infinite solitudes, these who would soon want air? A few more days, and they would fall stifled in this wandering projectile. But some days to these intrepid fellows was a century; and they devoted all their time to observe that moon which they no longer hoped to reach.

But what would become of them in this endless emptiness, when they would soon run out of air? In a few more days, they would suffocate in the wandering projectile. But a few days seemed like a century to these fearless men. They devoted all their time to observing the moon, which they no longer hoped to reach.

The distance which had then separated the projectile from the satellite was estimated at about two hundred leagues. Under these conditions, as regards the visibility of the details of the disc, the travelers were farther from the moon than are the inhabitants of earth with their powerful telescopes.

The projectile was then estimated to be about two hundred leagues from the moon. Even so, the travelers could see less detail on the moon’s disc than people on earth could with their powerful telescopes.

Indeed, we know that the instrument mounted by Lord Rosse at Parsonstown, which magnifies 6,500 times, brings the moon to within an apparent distance of sixteen leagues. And more than that, with the powerful one set up at Long’s Peak, the orb of night, magnified 48,000 times, is brought to within less than two leagues, and objects having a diameter of thirty feet are seen very distinctly. So that, at this distance, the topographical details of the moon, observed without glasses, could not be determined with precision. The eye caught the vast outline of those immense depressions inappropriately called “seas,” but they could not recognize their nature. The prominence of the mountains disappeared under the splendid irradiation produced by the reflection of the solar rays. The eye, dazzled as if it was leaning over a bath of molten silver, turned from it involuntarily; but the oblong form of the orb was quite clear. It appeared like a gigantic egg, with the small end turned toward the earth. Indeed the moon, liquid and pliable in the first days of its formation, was originally a perfect sphere; but being soon drawn within the attraction of the earth, it became elongated under the influence of gravitation. In becoming a satellite, she lost her native purity of form; her center of gravity was in advance of the center of her figure; and from this fact some savants draw the conclusion that the air and water had taken refuge on the opposite surface of the moon, which is never seen from the earth. This alteration in the primitive form of the satellite was only perceptible for a few moments. The distance of the projectile from the moon diminished very rapidly under its speed, though that was much less than its initial velocity—but eight or nine times greater than that which propels our express trains. The oblique course of the projectile, from its very obliquity, gave Michel Ardan some hopes of striking the lunar disc at some point or other. He could not think that they would never reach it. No! he could not believe it; and this opinion he often repeated. But Barbicane, who was a better judge, always answered him with merciless logic.

We know that Lord Rosse’s telescope at Parsonstown magnifies 6,500 times. It makes the moon appear to be only sixteen leagues away. The more powerful telescope at Long’s Peak magnifies 48,000 times. It brings the orb of night to within an apparent distance of less than two leagues. Through it, objects thirty feet across can be seen very clearly. So, at their present distance, the moon’s surface features could not be seen precisely without a telescope. The eye caught the vast outlines of those immense depressions wrongly called “seas,” but could not make out their nature. The mountains lost their prominence in the brilliant light reflected from the sun. Dazzled as if looking down into a bath of molten silver, the eye turned away involuntarily. But the orb’s elongated shape was quite clear. It looked like a gigantic egg, with its smaller end turned toward the earth. In its earliest days, the moon was liquid and pliable, and it was originally a perfect sphere. But it was soon drawn within the earth’s attraction and became elongated under the influence of gravity. When it became a satellite, it lost the purity of its original shape. Its center of gravity lay ahead of its geometric center. From this fact, some scientists conclude that the air and water had taken refuge on the moon’s opposite surface. That surface is never seen from the earth. The change in the satellite’s original shape was visible for only a few moments. The projectile’s speed was rapidly closing the distance to the moon. Its speed was much lower than at the start, though still eight or nine times faster than our express trains. The projectile’s slanting course gave Michel Ardan some hope that it would strike the lunar disc somewhere. He could not accept that they would never reach it. No! He could not believe it, and he often said so. But Barbicane, who was better able to judge, always answered him with merciless logic.

“No, Michel, no! We can only reach the moon by a fall, and we are not falling. The centripetal force keeps us under the moon’s influence, but the centrifugal force draws us irresistibly away from it.”

“No, Michel, no! We can only reach the moon by falling, and we are not falling. Centripetal force keeps us under the moon’s influence. But centrifugal force pulls us away from it, and nothing can stop it.”

This was said in a tone which quenched Michel Ardan’s last hope.

The tone in which this was said destroyed Michel Ardan’s last hope.

The portion of the moon which the projectile was nearing was the northern hemisphere, that which the selenographic maps place below; for these maps are generally drawn after the outline given by the glasses, and we know that they reverse the objects. Such was the Mappa Selenographica of Boeer and Moedler which Barbicane consulted. This northern hemisphere presented vast plains, dotted with isolated mountains.

The projectile was approaching the moon's northern hemisphere, which lunar maps show at the bottom. These maps generally follow the view through telescopes, which reverse objects. The Mappa Selenographica by Boeer and Moedler, which Barbicane consulted, was one such map. The northern hemisphere had vast plains dotted with isolated mountains.

At midnight the moon was full. At that precise moment the travelers should have alighted upon it, if the mischievous meteor had not diverted their course. The orb was exactly in the condition determined by the Cambridge Observatory. It was mathematically at its perigee, and at the zenith of the twenty-eighth parallel. An observer placed at the bottom of the enormous Columbiad, pointed perpendicularly to the horizon, would have framed the moon in the mouth of the gun. A straight line drawn through the axis of the piece would have passed through the center of the orb of night. It is needless to say, that during the night of the 5th-6th of December, the travelers took not an instant’s rest. Could they close their eyes when so near this new world? No! All their feelings were concentrated in one single thought:—See! Representatives of the earth, of humanity, past and present, all centered in them! It is through their eyes that the human race look at these lunar regions, and penetrate the secrets of their satellite! A strange emotion filled their hearts as they went from one window to the other. Their observations, reproduced by Barbicane, were rigidly determined. To take them, they had glasses; to correct them, maps.

At midnight the moon was full. At that precise moment, the travelers should have landed on it, if the mischievous meteor had not changed their course. The moon was exactly where the Cambridge Observatory had predicted. It was precisely at its perigee, directly above the twenty-eighth parallel. The enormous Columbiad was aimed straight up from the horizon. An observer at the bottom of the gun would have seen the moon framed by its muzzle. A straight line drawn through the gun’s axis would have passed through the center of the moon. Needless to say, the travelers did not rest for an instant during the night of December 5 to 6. Could they close their eyes when they were so near this new world? No! All their feelings were focused on a single thought: to see! They were representatives of Earth, of all humanity, past and present! Through their eyes, the human race was looking at these lunar regions and discovering the secrets of its satellite! A strange emotion filled their hearts as they went from one window to the other. Their observations, recorded by Barbicane, were made with great precision. They used telescopes to make their observations and maps to check them.

As regards the optical instruments at their disposal, they had excellent marine glasses specially constructed for this journey. They possessed magnifying powers of 100. They would thus have brought the moon to within a distance (apparent) of less than 2,000 leagues from the earth. But then, at a distance which for three hours in the morning did not exceed sixty-five miles, and in a medium free from all atmospheric disturbances, these instruments could reduce the lunar surface to within less than 1,500 yards!

They had excellent marine glasses, specially made for the journey. The glasses magnified objects 100 times. From Earth, they would have made the moon appear less than 2,000 leagues away. But for three hours that morning, the travelers were no more than sixty-five miles from the moon. With no atmospheric disturbances, the glasses could make the lunar surface appear less than 1,500 yards away!