There are of KNOWLEDGE two kinds; whereof one is Knowledge Of Fact: the other Knowledge Of The Consequence Of One Affirmation To Another. The former is nothing else, but Sense and Memory, and is Absolute Knowledge; as when we see a Fact doing, or remember it done: And this is the Knowledge required in a Witnesse. The later is called Science; and is Conditionall; as when we know, that, If The Figure Showne Be A Circle, Then Any Straight Line Through The Centre Shall Divide It Into Two Equall Parts. And this is the Knowledge required in a Philosopher; that is to say, of him that pretends to Reasoning.
There are two kinds of knowledge. One is knowledge of facts. The other is knowledge of how one statement follows from another. The first is nothing more than sense and memory, and it is absolute knowledge. For example, we see an event happening or remember it happening. Knowledge of facts is the kind required of a witness. The second kind is called science, and it is conditional. For example, we know that if the figure shown is a circle, any straight line through its center will divide it into two equal parts. This conditional knowledge is the kind required of a philosopher, meaning someone who claims to reason.
The Register of Knowledge Of Fact is called History. Whereof there be two sorts: one called Naturall History; which is the History of such Facts, or Effects of Nature, as have no Dependance on Mans Will; Such as are the Histories of Metals, Plants, Animals, Regions, and the like. The other, is Civill History; which is the History of the Voluntary Actions of men in Common-wealths.
The record of factual knowledge is called history. There are two kinds of history. One is natural history, the record of facts or effects of nature that do not depend on human will. Examples include histories of metals, plants, animals, regions, and the like. The other is civil history, the record of people's voluntary actions in commonwealths.
The Registers of Science, are such Books as contain the Demonstrations of Consequences of one Affirmation, to another; and are commonly called Books of Philosophy; whereof the sorts are many, according to the diversity of the Matter; And may be divided in such manner as I have divided them in the following Table.
The records of science are books that demonstrate how one statement follows from another. These are commonly called books of philosophy. There are many kinds of these books, depending on their subject matter. They may be divided as I have divided them in the following table.
I. Science, that is, Knowledge of Consequences; which is called also PHILOSOPHY A. Consequences from Accidents of Bodies Naturall; which is called NATURALL PHILOSOPHY 1. Consequences from the Accidents common to all Bodies Naturall; which are Quantity, and Motion. a. Consequences from Quantity, and Motion Indeterminate; which, being the Principles or first foundation of Philosophy, is called Philosophia Prima PHILOSOPHIA PRIMA b. Consequences from Motion, and Quantity Determined 1) Consequences from Quantity, and Motion Determined a) By Figure, By Number 1] Mathematiques, GEOMETRY ARITHMETIQUE 2) Consequences from the Motion, and Quantity of Bodies in Speciall a) Consequences from the Motion, and Quantity of the great parts of the World, as the Earth and Stars, 1] Cosmography ASTRONOMY GEOGRAPHY b) Consequences from the Motion of Speciall kinds, and Figures of Body, 1] Mechaniques, Doctrine of Weight Science of ENGINEERS ARCHITECTURE NAVIGATION 2. PHYSIQUES, or Consequences from Qualities a. Consequences from the Qualities of Bodies Transient, such as sometimes appear, sometimes vanish METEOROLOGY b. Consequences from the Qualities of Bodies Permanent 1) Consequences from the Qualities of the Starres a) Consequences from the Light of the Starres. Out of this, and the Motion of the Sunne, is made the Science of SCIOGRAPHY b) Consequences from the Influence of the Starres, ASTROLOGY 2) Consequences of the Qualities from Liquid Bodies that fill the space between the Starres; such as are the Ayre, or substance aetherial. 3) Consequences from Qualities of Bodies Terrestrial a) Consequences from parts of the Earth that are without Sense, 1] Consequences from Qualities of Minerals, as Stones, Metals, &c . 2] Consequences from the Qualities of Vegetables b) Consequences from Qualities of Animals 1] Consequences from Qualities of Animals in Generall a] Consequences from Vision, OPTIQUES b] Consequences from Sounds, MUSIQUE c] Consequences from the rest of the senses 2] Consequences from Qualities of Men in Speciall a] Consequences from Passions of Men, ETHIQUES b] Consequences from Speech, i) In Magnifying, Vilifying, etc. POETRY ii) In Persuading, RHETORIQUE iii) In Reasoning, LOGIQUE iv) In Contracting, The Science of JUST and UNJUST B. Consequences from the Accidents of Politique Bodies; which is called POLITIQUES, and CIVILL PHILOSOPHY 1. Of Consequences from the Institution of COMMON-WEALTHS, to the Rights, and Duties of the Body Politique, or Soveraign. 2. Of Consequences from the same, to the Duty and Right of the Subjects.
I. Science, meaning knowledge of consequences, also called PHILOSOPHY A. Consequences of the properties of natural bodies, also called NATURAL PHILOSOPHY 1. Consequences of properties common to all natural bodies: quantity and motion. a. Consequences of quantity and motion considered generally. These form the principles or first foundations of philosophy, called Philosophia Prima. PHILOSOPHIA PRIMA b. Consequences of motion and quantity in specific forms 1) Consequences of quantity and motion defined a) By shape, by number 1] Mathematics: GEOMETRY ARITHMETIC 2) Consequences of the motion and quantity of particular bodies a) Consequences of the motion and quantity of the great parts of the universe, such as Earth and the stars 1] Cosmography: ASTRONOMY GEOGRAPHY b) Consequences of the motion of particular kinds and shapes of bodies 1] Mechanics, the study of weight The science of ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE NAVIGATION 2. PHYSICS, or consequences of qualities a. Consequences of the qualities of temporary bodies, which sometimes appear and sometimes vanish METEOROLOGY b. Consequences of the qualities of permanent bodies 1) Consequences of the qualities of the stars a) Consequences of starlight. From starlight and the sun's motion comes the science of SCIOGRAPHY (the study of shadows) b) Consequences of the influence of the stars ASTROLOGY 2) Consequences of the qualities of fluid bodies filling the space between the stars, such as air or ethereal matter. 3) Consequences of the qualities of earthly bodies a) Consequences of parts of the Earth that have no senses 1] Consequences of the qualities of minerals, such as stones, metals, etc. 2] Consequences of the qualities of plants b) Consequences of the qualities of animals 1] Consequences of the qualities of animals in general a] Consequences of vision OPTICS b] Consequences of sounds MUSIC c] Consequences of the other senses 2] Consequences of qualities specific to humans a] Consequences of human passions ETHICS b] Consequences of speech i) In praising, disparaging, etc. POETRY ii) In persuading RHETORIC iii) In reasoning LOGIC iv) In making agreements The science of JUST AND UNJUST B. Consequences of the properties of political bodies, also called POLITICS and CIVIL PHILOSOPHY 1. Consequences of establishing COMMONWEALTHS for the rights and duties of the political body, or sovereign. 2. Consequences of establishing commonwealths for the duties and rights of subjects.